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September 2020 is here. And with it, the beginning of a new academic year. For us, students, time to think again of classes, textbooks, courses, activities; time to look forward with enthusiasm and hope. After all, life has to be lived forwards, even if it can only be understood backward.  Â
And it is precise because life can only be understood backward, that I cannot help but allow my memory flash for a few moments on the happenings of the past months. We are living in the year of the COVID. For the scientists, the COVID-19; but me, I would rather call it COVID-20, as it was this year 2020 when this unsolicited fellow became our traveling companion.
It was on the last days of January. Nothing made us yet presage what would soon come to us in the form of coronavirus. The festive preparations for the Lunar New Year were over; the customary red envelopes, plethoric of good wishes for the occasion, ready… when, suddenly, gloomy news from the Macau Government were in the air: everything had to come to a shutdown: airport, schools, offices, hotels, casinos, churches, borders, and everyone was to remain at home. In a matter of hours, the city of Macau became a ghost city, without the colors, life, and means of survival of this picturesque spot; its empty streets offered a surrealistic panorama. The glittering lights displayed for the Chinese New Year’s celebrations lost their audience.
Our Dominican priory, too, entered into seclusion, its community life turning into a semi-monastic mode. The window shutters of our chapel were rolled down; our religious services were close to the public, while inside we continued with our usual daily schedule. The first to be affected by this new situation was our very Dominican brother St Thomas Aquinas, whose feast-day we were about to celebrate and who this year could not receive the public honors we used to tribute him on previous occasions. And there were mornings, and there were evenings, days passed.
As students, however, our immediate concern was the classes. How could we now go on with the second semester since classes at the university could not be held? Modern technology came to our aid. Indeed, within a couple of weeks, the University of Saint Joseph readied an online learning/teaching platform for classes to be imparted and followed from home. It worked quite well, as a temporary solution: the semester went ahead. The virus had lost its first battle. What we could not imagine then was that the situation would persist until the end of the semester (and beyond!). Tests, exams, portfolios, assignments, grading… Survivors we were!
In the meantime, our ordinary life at home continued as usual; or almost, because nothing could be the same. Praying the Liturgy of the Hours and holding Masses, particularly on Sundays, Holy Week, etc., with doors closed to the public was something never seen before. The celebrations got a new, more intimate flavor. God speaking closely to the community!
The summer months of July and August came next. Vacation time? Sure, but a unique home confined summer vacation. All flights were canceled; nobody could travel to his home country; nor even for the noblest of reasons, like to attend his mother’s funeral. Many tourists would consider luxury being able to spend their summer holidays in Macau! But such is not our case, because we are not tourists but residents in Macau for many years. To spend more fruitfully these two months, some short courses were organized by our Center of Studies: Languages, Preaching, Music, etc. They fitted well into the formation program of this group of thirty young brothers, from different countries and cultures, who share the same call and mission: the preaching of the Gospel. Preparing ourselves for that mission is precisely the main purpose of our being in Macau.
Back to September, our today, and back to the opening of the new academic year 2020-2021. It is time indeed to move forward, with enthusiasm, hope, and also, let me add, with gratitude!
Gratitude, not for the coronavirus pandemic that has by now spread so much desolation and suffering all over the world; but gratitude if ever for the good lessons that such a pandemic has taught us: A lesson of humility, as it has shown how wrong we were every time we ignored our vulnerability by pretending that we are in control of our destinies. A lesson of solidarity, as it has revealed a vast sea of kindness and benevolence in hospitals, care homes, and communities around the world. A lesson of love, as it has made us recognize the value in the people around us, honor the sacredness of life, and the need to accord our neighbor the respect, compassion, and love that they deserve. Perhaps we are indebted to the covid19 for having suddenly given, as collateral goodness, a new, inspiring meaning to our lives.
Finally, I would add, on behalf of our Dominican community in Macau, a personal reason for gratitude, to God and our Guardian Angels: Despite the big number brothers living in the same priory, which prevented us from keeping the due sanitary distance from one another, none has become sick during all the past months. Indeed, the so many guardian angels assigned to take care of this community have done, so far, a fine job! Praise the Lord.
All about us
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Original Name.
His name was Aurélio Agostinho. He was born in Tagaste, a city in North Africa dominated by the Romans, in the region where Algeria is today, on November 13, 354. Firstborn son, his father, named PatrÃcio, was a pagan and a small landowner. On the contrary, his mother was a fervent Christian.
Childhood
Santa Monica wanted her son to become a Christian, but he realized that God’s hour had not yet come. So at the age of 11, Augustine was sent to study Latin and literature in Madauro, near Tagaste.
Youth
At the age of 17, he went to Carthage to study rhetoric. He started to follow the Manichean doctrine for them the world only as good and bad, vehemently denied by Christians. In addition, he became a hedonist, that is, a follower of philosophy that has pleasure as the absolute end of life. Two years later, he started to live with a Carthaginian woman, with whom he had a son named Adeodato. Augustine went through various doctrines
Augustine became a recognized professor of rhetoric. He even opened a school in Rome and obtained the position of professor at the imperial court in Milan. Disappointed with the inconsistencies of Manichaeism, he approached skepticism. His mother moved to Milan and had some influence on his behavior. At that time, also disappointed by skepticism, Augustine approached Bishop Ambrose, Bishop of Milan at that time. At first, I just wanted to hear the bishop’s excellent rhetoric. Before converting, Augustine separated from his partner after thirteen years of relationship and even got involved with other women. Then, however, he became convinced of the truth about Jesus Christ through the preaching of Saint Ambrose. His mother, at the same time, did not cease to pray for him.
Conversion
After endlessly searching for the truth and several love affairs, Augustine finally surrendered to the coherence of the message of Jesus Christ. He found in Jesus what he had not found in any other philosophy, in any other teacher. Thus, he and his son Adeodato, then 15 years old, were baptized in Milan by Saint Ambrose during a Pascal vigil. From then on, he started to write against Manichaeism, which he knew so well. But after that, he wrote works so important that he became a Doctor of the Church.
Sufferings
Augustine devoted great attention to Adeodato by training him in the faith and human sciences. Suddenly, however, his son died. Because of that, he decided to return to Tagaste. On the way back, his mother also passed away, Augustine mentions in his “Confessions” the wonder and spiritual food that were the dialogues he had with his mother, Santa Monica, about the person of Jesus Christ and the beauty of the Christian faith.
Augustine and Pelagianism
Regarding Pelagianism, Augustine deals in a particular way in the “Treaty on Graceâ€, which is a fundamental theme.
Pelagius (354-427) was an English monk, not a cenobitic, from Britain. He studied Roman law in Rome. Go to Africa and Carthage. Then to Jerusalem. He is very friendly with the bishop of Jerusalem, named John.
The Pelagians will cause huge controversies against the originalists, spreading throughout Italy, France, Spain, Great Britain, and North Africa. At various times, Augustine went against the Pelagians, writing a beautiful work, entitled “On the hardness of Pharaoh’s heartâ€, opposing a work called “Ambrosisteâ€, which Pelagius founded his thesis on.
Pelagianism will claim that there is no kind of predestination, as predestination in its most immediate line is fatalistic Manichaeism. In addition to not accepting any kind of predestination, he will affirm that salvation is given by the man himself because he is the image of God.
All salvation takes place exclusively by observing natural law, as it is a rational practice.
Pelagio and Augustine discuss the same topics with different perspectives. Augustine delves into these issues in Jesus Christ.
In 411, the synod of Carthage condemned the bishop and theologian Celestius. And in 415, the Synod of Host condemns the French bishops of Gaul who supported the impeccability thesis. Pelagius holds this thesis as a theoretical possibility.
In 417, at the African Council, there was a strong reaction against Pope Innocent I, for being a semi-Pelagian. It is the Augustinian reaction that will bring light to the Pope himself.
The innocent will acquit Pelagius and in 400 Pope Zozimo will rehabilitate Pelagius.
In the year 418 Augustine comes into question against Juliano, Pelagian. There is a great African synod that confirms the condemnation of Pelagianism. It is a watershed period.
In 425 Valentinian III condemns Pelagianism and in 431, in Ephesus, it is the definitive condemnation of Pelagianism. Augustine’s works, in this period, have theoretical and pastoral characteristics.
Saint Augustine’s Theological contribution
St. Augustine’s contributions to Christendom are too numerous to document. Augustine is quoted more than any other theologian by St. Thomas Aquinas. He is a doctor of the Church but stands apart from the other doctors in terms of his continuing influence on the Church. For example the Confessions
As well as more than 300 letters of the Bishop of Hippo and almost 600 homilies are extant, but originally there were far more, perhaps even as many as between 3,000 and 4,000, the result of 40 years of preaching.
Saint Augustine is called the Doctor of grace
In 1298, Pope Boniface VIII issued a decree recognizing St. Gregory, St. Ambrose, St. Jerome, and St. Augustine as Doctors of the Church, “Doctores Ecclesiaeâ€. This wasn’t the first time these four saints were so described, but it marks the moment when this became an official title. They were saints who, it was felt, each had taught the Church an important lesson.
Augustine taught the Church about grace. Augustine’s Confessions is a book in which he confesses the great things God did in his life
Conclusion
So, Augustine was considered a great teacher, from whom the Church learned the true meaning of St. Paul’s teaching on grace, and the concept of original sin. As a student in Thagaste and then Carthage in the 4th Century, Augustine runs amok in sexual adventures and false philosophies known as Manicheism. He sees this period of his life primarily as a lesson in how immersion in the material world is its own punishment of disorder, confusion, and grief.
Later in his life, he had a spiritual experience in Milan after which he was inspired to lead a life in imitation of Christ. He spent the rest of his life mainly in writing about God and became famous only after his death.